Nowadays
there are a lot of
ways to teach to our students, but these ones are consider like the
learning cornerstone which are Direct Instruction, Inquiry based-
learning and Cooperative learning.
But, before
explaining them, is necessary to define method.So, as Miguel Ángel
Delgado (1991) said, “Methods are the ways to reach the learning in our
student, that is, to reach targets”
As a result, we can distinguish between two pespectives totally different:
- Teacher-centrered approach, which contains Direct Instruction
- Student-centered approach which is composed by Inquiry-based learning and Cooperative learning.
Teacher-centered
approach
Direct instruction
This term refers to the traditional teaching strategy that is based
on explicit teaching through lectures and teacher-led demonstrations.
In that, teachers and professors are the sole supplier of knowledge
and information. Direct instruction is effective in teaching basic
and fundamental skills across all content areas.
As a result, the roles for a teacher in this method are:
- Teacher as a Formal authority: They are in position of power and authority. Classroom and management styles are traditional and focus on rules and expectations.
- Teachers as a Expert: Experts teachers are in possession of all knowledge and expertise within the classroom. In contrast, students are just receptors of knowledge and information.
- Teachers as a Personal Model: They lead by example, demonstrating to students how to access and comprehend information. In this teaching model, student learn throught observing and copying the teacher's process.
Student-centered approach
Inquiry-based learning
Is a teaching method that focuses on student investigation and
hands-on learning. In this method, the teacher’s primary role
is that of a facilitator, providing guidance and support
for students through the learning process. In that, students
play an active and participatory role in their own learning
process.
Cooperative learning
Cooperative Learning refers to a method of teaching and classroom
management that emphasizes group work and
a strong sense of community. This model fosters students’
academic and social growth and includes teaching techniques
such as "Think-Pair-Share”
and reciprocal teaching. This method focuses on the
belief that students learn best when working with and learning
from their peers.
The roles from both methods are:
- Teacher as a Facilitator: Student learning loosely guided by the teacher, and is focused on fostering independence, hands-on learning and exploration.
- Teacher as Delegator: Teachers act as a “resource” to students, answering questions and reviewing their progress as needed. Teachers play a pasive role in student's learning; students are active and engaged participants in their learning. The main goal of a Delegator is to foster a sesnse of autonomy in the learning process.
